A car is driving on bumpy roads, and if the suspension system is only equipped with springs (coil springs, steel plate springs, or air springs) to cushion the impact of the road, the springs cannot stabilize immediately. They will continue to compress and rebound, causing the car to bounce up and down like a wild horse, just like throwing a ping pong ball on the ground, which will keep bouncing, greatly reducing the smoothness and ride comfort of the car. Therefore, there is a need for a device that can effectively absorb (attenuate) the vibration energy of a car without significantly affecting the vibration frequency (offset), and shock absorbers have emerged. The English name of shock absorber can more accurately describe its principle, which is "vibration+absorption". Understanding the performance of automotive shock absorbers is crucial for suspension design
